LWL | Assessing The Role of Fashion and Social Media in Promoting Body

By Yvonne Santoso

Abstract

The fashion industry has long been associated with narrow beauty standards, promoting idealized body shapes and Eurocentric features. However, in recent years, there has been a noticeable shift towards inclusivity and diversity within the industry. This shift reflects not only market trends but also a broader cultural movement towards acceptance and celebration of diverse identities and physical forms.

The emergence of the body positivity movement has significantly influenced the fashion landscape, challenging industry norms and advocating for greater inclusivity. This movement, rooted in feminist and social justice principles, promotes the idea that beauty exists in all shapes, sizes, and forms, encouraging self-love and acceptance. Fashion brands,recognizing the demand for more authentic and representative portrayals of beauty, are increasingly embracing models of various body sizes, ethnicities, and gender identities. This shift towards inclusivity not only broadens the definition of beauty but also provides a more accurate reflection of the diverse world we live in.

Chapter 1 : Introduction

1.1 Background

The societal perception of beauty has evolved significantly over time, and fashion has played a central role in both shaping and reflecting these changes. Throughout history, from ancient civilizations to the contemporary era, fashion has been deeply intertwined with cultural norms, social dynamics, and historical events, thereby influencing the ideals of beauty (Roach-Higgins & Eicher, 1992). Understanding this evolution necessitates acknowledging the intricate relationship between fashion and societal standards of beauty.

Historically, fashion has often perpetuated narrow standards of beauty by promoting idealized body shapes and features through clothing styles and trends (Barnard, 2014). The fashion industry, especially through media representations and advertising, has long emphasized slender figures and Eurocentric features as the epitome of beauty (Brennan, 2012). Such standards not only marginalize individuals whose bodies deviate from these norms but also contribute to the perpetuation of unrealistic beauty ideals.

The emergence of the body positivity movement has significantly influenced the fashion landscape, challenging industry norms and advocating for greater inclusivity (Diedrichs et al., 2016). Fashion brands now collaborate with body-positive activists and influencers to promote messages of self-love and acceptance (Gimlin, 2002). Moreover, there has been a proliferation of clothing lines and collections tailored to diverse body types and identities (Tseëlon, 2014), empowering individuals to embrace their bodies and fostering a more inclusive fashion culture.

In parallel, social media platforms have emerged as powerful tools for promoting body positivity within the fashion industry. Influencers leverage their platforms to challenge traditional beauty standards, promote body acceptance, and advocate for diverse representations in fashion (Brewis et al., 2019). Through hashtags and user-generated content, social media facilitates conversations around body diversity and encourages brands to adopt more inclusive practices (Davis & Dunn, 2018). Consequently, fashion consumers increasingly demand transparency and authenticity from brands, driving meaningful change towards a more inclusive and body-positive industry (Fernandez & Reckinger, 2018).

By integrating fashion into the discourse on beauty and body positivity, we gain insight into the complex interplay between cultural influences, societal norms, and individual perceptions. Fashion not only reflects prevailing beauty ideals but also has the power to challenge and redefine them, ultimately contributing to a more inclusive and empowering vision of beauty within society.

The societal perception of beauty has indeed undergone a profound transformation throughout history, influenced by a myriad of factors including cultural shifts, historical events, and social dynamics. Understanding this evolution involves examining various theoretical frameworks such as sociocultural theory, which emphasizes the role of societal norms and values in shaping individual beliefs and behaviors (Berry, 2005).

From ancient civilizations to the modern era, standards of beauty have continuously evolved, mirroring the values and norms prevalent in different societies (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Historically, beauty ideals often centered around attributes such as symmetry, proportion, and specific physical features, as evidenced by classical art and literature (Buss, 2008). For instance, in ancient Greece, the ideal of beauty was epitomized by statues of gods and goddesses exhibiting perfect physical proportions.

However, as societies progressed and underwent cultural exchanges, perceptions of beauty began to diversify. Colonialism, globalization, and the rise of mass media have played pivotal roles in reshaping beauty standards by introducing new aesthetic ideals and cultural influences. Western beauty standards, which were once dominant, have increasingly been challenged by the recognition of beauty in different ethnicities, body types, and gender expressions.

In contemporary times, there has been a significant shift towards embracing inclusivity and diversity in defining beauty. Movements advocating for body positivity, acceptance of various skin tones, and appreciation of natural features have gained momentum. Social media platforms have also played a crucial role in democratizing beauty standards by providing a platform for marginalized voices and challenging traditional norms propagated by mainstream media.

This shift towards inclusivity in analyzing beauty standards through feminist theory encompasses a multifaceted examination of societal norms and power structures. Initially, feminist theory, as exemplified by works such as Sandra Bartky's "Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power" (1990), sheds light on how beauty standards are intricately tied to gender politics. Bartky, drawing from Michel Foucault's concepts, elucidates how beauty practices are not merely personal choices but are deeply embedded in systems of power and control, particularly patriarchal ones.

Moreover, feminist scholars like Naomi Wolf, in her influential book "The Beauty Myth" (1991), critique traditional beauty norms for their role in reinforcing patriarchal ideologies. Wolf argues that these norms not only impose unrealistic standards on women but also divert attention from more significant socio-political issues, thereby perpetuating gender inequality.

The evolution of feminist discourse to include intersectionality, as articulated by Kimberlé Crenshaw in her groundbreaking work "Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color" (1991), marks a significant advancement. Intersectional feminism underscores the necessity of considering the intersections of various identities such as race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and disability. In the context of beauty standards, intersectional feminism highlights how standards of beauty are not uniform but are influenced by multiple intersecting factors. It recognizes that beauty ideals are often racialized and that women of color, for instance, face distinct challenges and pressures concerning beauty that cannot be adequately addressed through a solely gendered lens.

Therefore, the integration of intersectional perspectives into feminist analyses of beauty standards underscores the imperative of examining the complex interplay between gender, race, and other intersecting identities. This nuanced approach not only enriches our understanding of beauty but also underscores the need for inclusive and diverse representations within the discourse on beauty and beyond.

Body positivity, a movement rooted in feminist and social justice principles, emerged as a response to the unrealistic beauty standards perpetuated by mainstream media and the fashion industry (Tiggemann & Zaccardo, 2016). Drawing from self-determination theory, which emphasizes the importance of autonomy and authenticity in psychological well-being (Ryan & Deci, 2000), body positivity promotes the idea that beauty exists in all shapes, sizes, and forms. This challenges the notion that only a narrow range of bodies is desirable or acceptable. The body positivity movement also aligns with social identity theory, which suggests that individuals derive a sense of self-worth from their membership in social groups (Tajfel & Turner, 1979). By celebrating diverse body types, the movement fosters a sense of belonging and acceptance among marginalized individuals, thereby promoting psychological resilience and empowerment (Myers & Rosen, 1999).

In today's digital age, social media plays a pivotal role in amplifying the message of body positivity and inclusivity promoted by the fashion industry. Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter provide spaces for individuals to share their stories, showcase diverse bodies, and challenge traditional beauty standards. Influencers and content creators use these platforms to spread awareness about body positivity, often sharing personal experiences and promoting self-love and acceptance. Hashtags such as #bodypositivity, #bodyacceptance

In addition to promoting self-love and acceptance, these hashtags serve as rallying points for individuals seeking solidarity and support in their journey towards body positivity. Through the power of social media activism, the body positivity movement continues to gain momentum, inspiring countless individuals to embrace their unique beauty and reject societal pressures to conform to narrow standards.

As we navigate the ever-evolving landscape of beauty standards and fashion trends, it becomes increasingly clear that inclusivity and diversity are not just fleeting trends but essential principles for fostering a more equitable and compassionate society. By challenging traditional norms and amplifying marginalized voices, the fashion industry and broader cultural discourse can pave the way for a future where beauty is truly celebrated in all its forms. In this journey towards a more inclusive vision of beauty, fashion remains a powerful tool for both reflection and transformation, shaping not only how we adorn our bodies but also how we perceive ourselves and others in the world.

1.2 Aims

The evolution of societal perceptions of beauty has been profoundly influenced by the fashion industry, which has both shaped and mirrored these changes throughout history. From ancient civilizations to the contemporary era, fashion has been deeply entwined with cultural norms, social dynamics, and historical events, thus exerting a significant influence on the ideals of beauty. Understanding this evolution requires acknowledging the intricate relationship between fashion and societal standards of beauty, recognizing how fashion perpetuated narrow beauty standards through idealized body shapes and Eurocentric features, thereby marginalizing individuals who deviated from these norms.

However, in recent years, there has been a noticeable shift within the fashion industry towards inclusivity and diversity. Recognizing the demand for more authentic and representative portrayals of beauty, fashion brands and designers are increasingly embracing models of various body sizes, ethnicities, and gender identities. This shift reflects not only market trends but also a broader cultural movement towards acceptance and celebration of diversity. The emergence of the body positivity movement has significantly influenced the fashion landscape, challenging industry norms and advocating for greater inclusivity. Fashion brands now collaborate with body-positive activists and influencers to promote messages of self-love and acceptance, empowering individuals to embrace their bodies and fostering a more inclusive fashion culture.

Moreover, social media platforms have emerged as powerful tools for promoting body positivity within the fashion industry. Influencers leverage their platforms to challenge traditional beauty standards, promote body acceptance, and advocate for diverse representations in fashion. Through hashtags and user-generated content, social media facilitates conversations around body diversity and encourages brands to adopt more inclusive practices. Consequently, fashion consumers increasingly demand transparency and authenticity from brands, driving meaningful change towards a more inclusive and body-positive industry. By integrating fashion into the discourse on beauty and body positivity, we gain insight into the complex interplay between cultural influences, societal norms, and individual perceptions, ultimately contributing to a more inclusive and empowering vision of beauty within society.

1.3 Benefits

This paper provides insights into the evolving societal perception of beauty and the transformative role of fashion, benefiting various stakeholders including academics, fashion industry professionals, activists, and individuals navigating issues of beauty and body positivity.

For academics and researchers, this paper offers a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between fashion, societal norms, and beauty standards across different historical periods. By examining theoretical frameworks such as sociocultural theory and feminist theory, it provides a rich context for analyzing how cultural influences, power dynamics, and intersecting identities shape beauty ideals. The integration of intersectional perspectives enriches scholarly discourse by highlighting the complexity of beauty standards and the imperative of inclusive representations.

Fashion industry professionals can gain valuable insights into consumer trends and demands, particularly regarding inclusivity and diversity. The paper underscores the importance of embracing authenticity and representation in fashion, reflecting a broader cultural movement towards acceptance and celebration of diversity. By collaborating with body-positive activists and leveraging social media platforms, brands can align with evolving societal values, foster meaningful connections with consumers, and drive positive change within the industry.

Activists and advocates for body positivity benefit from the paper's exploration of the body positivity movement's origins, principles, and impact. It provides a theoretical foundation grounded in feminist and social justice frameworks, empowering activists to articulate the significance of inclusive beauty standards and challenge harmful norms perpetuated by mainstream media and the fashion industry. The emphasis on social media activism highlights the potential for digital platforms to amplify marginalized voices, mobilize communities, and effectuate change on a global scale.

Individuals grappling with issues of self-image, body acceptance, and societal pressures stand to gain inspiration and empowerment from the paper's message of inclusivity and self-celebration. By recognizing beauty in diverse forms and rejecting narrow standards imposed by society, individuals can cultivate resilience, self-worth, and a sense of belonging. The paper validates personal experiences and encourages individuals to navigate beauty standards authentically, fostering a more compassionate and equitable society where everyone's beauty is celebrated.

Chapter 2 : Literature Review

2.1 Historical Evolution of Beauty Ideals

The perception of beauty has undergone significant transformations throughout history, shaped by cultural, social, and historical contexts. According to Roach-Higgins and Eicher (1992), fashion has played a central role in reflecting and influencing societal beauty standards. In ancient civilizations such as Greece, beauty ideals were epitomized by symmetry and proportion, as represented in classical art and literature (Buss, 2008). These ideals were deeply rooted in the cultural and philosophical beliefs of the time, which emphasized balance and harmony.

As societies evolved, beauty standards began to diversify, influenced by various factors including colonialism, globalization, and the advent of mass media. Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) argue that beauty ideals are not static but are constantly reshaped by cultural exchanges and societal changes. During the colonial era, Western beauty standards, characterized by Eurocentric features and slender bodies, were propagated globally, often marginalizing non-Western beauty ideals (Brennan, 2012).

2.2 The Role of Fashion in Shaping Beauty Standards

Fashion has historically perpetuated narrow beauty standards by promoting idealized body shapes and features through clothing styles and trends. Barnard (2014) notes that the fashion industry has often emphasized slender figures and Eurocentric features, which are seen as the epitome of beauty. These representations have been disseminated through media and advertising, reinforcing unrealistic beauty ideals and marginalizing those who do not conform. Fashion magazines, runway shows, and advertisements have long been criticized for their lack of diversity and for promoting an unattainable standard of beauty that excludes a majority of the population.

However, in recent years, there has been a noticeable shift towards inclusivity and diversity within the fashion industry. Entwistle (2015) highlights that fashion brands are increasingly embracing models of various body sizes, ethnicities, and gender identities. This shift reflects a broader cultural movement towards acceptance and celebration of diversity, driven by consumer demand for more authentic and representative portrayals of beauty. Brands like Dove with its "Real Beauty" campaign and Rihanna's Fenty Beauty, which offers a wide range of shades to suit all skin tones, have set new benchmarks for inclusivity.

Furthermore, fashion weeks in major cities like New York, Paris, and London have begun to feature a more diverse lineup of models. This includes not only different body types and ethnicities but also models with disabilities and older models, challenging the ageist and ableist norms traditionally upheld by the industry (Fernandez & Reckinger, 2018). This inclusivity not only broadens the definition of beauty but also provides a more accurate reflection of the diverse world we live in.

2.3 The Body Positivity Movement

The body positivity movement is a social and cultural movement advocating for the acceptance and appreciation of all body types. Rooted in feminist and social justice principles, the movement challenges societal beauty standards that prioritize certain body shapes and features over others. According to Tiggemann and Zaccardo (2016), body positivity promotes the idea that beauty exists in all shapes, sizes, and forms, and encourages self-love and acceptance. The movement began in the late 20th century as a response to the pervasive and damaging impact of narrow beauty standards on individuals' self-esteem and mental health.

The movement has significantly influenced the fashion landscape by pushing for greater inclusivity. Gimlin (2002) discusses how fashion brands collaborate with body-positive activists and influencers to promote messages of self-acceptance and body diversity. The proliferation of clothing lines designed for diverse body types has empowered individuals to embrace their bodies, fostering a more inclusive fashion culture (Tseëlon, 2014). Brands like Aerie, with their #AerieREAL campaign, have committed to not retouching their models, promoting natural beauty and authenticity.

Moreover, body positivity is not just about accepting one's body but also about rejecting societal pressures to conform to unrealistic standards. It emphasizes health and well-being over appearance, and encourages individuals to find joy and confidence in their unique physical forms. This holistic approach to body image challenges the pervasive notion that beauty and worth are synonymous with thinness or a particular look.

2.4 Influence of Social Media on Body Positivity

Social media platforms have emerged as powerful tools for promoting body positivity within the fashion industry. Influencers use these platforms to challenge traditional beauty standards, advocate for body acceptance, and promote diverse representations in fashion. Brewis et al. (2019) emphasize that social media facilitates conversations around body diversity through hashtags and user-generated content, encouraging brands to adopt more inclusive practices.

Davis and Dunn (2018) highlight the role of social media in democratizing beauty standards by providing a platform for marginalized voices. Influencers and content creators share personal experiences and promote self-love, using hashtags such as #bodypositivity and #bodyacceptance to build communities and foster solidarity. This has driven meaningful change within the fashion industry, as consumers increasingly demand transparency and authenticity from brands (Fernandez & Reckinger, 2018).

Chapter 3 : Research Methodology

3.1 Research Approach

This study employs a qualitative research approach to explore the role of fashion and social media in promoting body positivity and inclusivity within the beauty industry. Qualitative research is particularly well-suited for this investigation because it prioritizes understanding the lived experiences, perceptions, and interpretations of individuals involved in this social phenomenon (Creswell, 2014). By collecting rich, in-depth data, we aim to gain a nuanced understanding of how fashion and social media contribute to the evolving landscape of body image and beauty standards.

3.2 Data Collection Techniques

To gather comprehensive data, this study utilizes a combination of three data collection techniques: in-depth interviews,content analysis, and participant observation.

3.2.1 In-Depth Interviews

In-depth interviews are conducted to gather direct data from individuals involved in the fashion industry and social media, such as designers, influencers, and body positivity activists. These interviews aim to gain insights into their experiences, views on body positivity, and how they use their platforms to promote inclusivity. For instance, interviewing designers can reveal their motivations behind inclusive fashion lines, while influencers can provide perspectives on how they engage with their audiences to challenge traditional beauty standards (Kvale, 2007).

3.2.2 Content Analysis

Content analysis is used to evaluate the representation of body positivity and inclusivity in social media and fashion media. The data analyzed includes social media posts, fashion articles, advertisements, and marketing campaigns. This analysis aims to identify themes and patterns in the representation of body positivity and how these representations are received by the audience. By examining hashtags, visual content, and engagement metrics, the study can assess the impact and reach of body positivity messages in the digital space (Krippendorff, 2013).

For example, analyzing Instagram posts with hashtags like #bodypositivity can reveal how frequently and in what contexts this concept is discussed. This helps in understanding the narrative around body positivity and how fashion brands are responding to it through their digital marketing strategies.

3.2.3 Participant Observation

Participant observation is conducted by participating in fashion events and body positivity community activities. This technique allows the researcher to directly observe the interactions and dynamics occurring in real-world contexts. Observations can provide valuable insights into how body positivity principles are practically implemented and how communities interact and support each other (Spradley, 1980).

For instance, attending body positivity workshops or fashion shows that feature diverse models can highlight the tangible efforts made by the fashion industry to promote inclusivity. Observing these events helps to contextualize interview and content analysis findings within actual industry practices and community responses.

3.2.4 Rationale for Data Collection Techniques

The selection of these data collection techniques is driven by their ability to capture the multifaceted nature of the research topic. In-depth interviews provide a direct channel for understanding the perspectives and experiences of key individuals involved in the promotion of body positivity and inclusivity. Content analysis allows for a systematic examination of how these concepts are represented in various media forms, revealing patterns and trends. Participant observation offers a window into the lived experiences of individuals engaging with body positivity messages and initiatives, providing insights into the real-world impact of these efforts.

3.3 Data Analysis Techniques

The data obtained from interviews, content analysis, and participant observation is analyzed using thematic analysis. Thematic analysis is a process of identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) within data. This technique is used to find key themes related to body positivity and inclusivity in fashion and social media (Braun & Clarke, 2006).

The data analysis process includes the following steps:

Transcription of Data: Interviews and observational notes will be transcribed into text format. This step ensures that the data is in a readily accessible format for analysis.
Data Familiarization: The entire data set will be thoroughly reviewed to grasp the overall content. This initial review involves immersing oneself in the data, allowing for an understanding of the key concepts, ideas, and experiences expressed.
Initial Coding: Relevant portions of the data will be coded based on identified patterns and recurring ideas. Coding involves assigning labels or categories to segments of the data that represent similar concepts or themes.
Themes Development: Similar codes will be grouped together to form overarching themes. This step involves identifying patterns and connections between the individual codes, leading to the development of broader themes that capture the essence of the data.
Theme Review: The identified themes will be carefully reviewed to ensure they are relevant, well-supported by the data, and accurately represent the findings. This step involves refining the themes, ensuring they are

Chapter 4 : Result

4.1 Interview Findings

4.1.1 Jane (Fashion Designer)

Jane emphasized the critical importance of creating fashion that caters to all body types. She shared her journey of designing inclusive fashion lines, inspired by her own experiences and feedback from customers who felt marginalized by mainstream fashion standards. "Many customers have told me how excluded they felt by traditional sizing," she stated, highlighting the impact of exclusionary practices. Jane explained that inclusive sizing and the representation of diverse body types in her designs were not just business decisions but personal commitments to promoting body positivity. "It's not just about making clothes for everyone; it's about celebrating every body shape and size," she said, reinforcing her dedication to this cause.

Her collaboration with diverse models aimed to challenge traditional beauty standards and showcase a broader spectrum of beauty. "By featuring models of all sizes and backgrounds, I want to send a message that beauty is not one-size-fits-all," Jane noted. This approach not only broadens the appeal of her designs but also contributes to a more inclusive fashion culture. Jane's narrative highlighted the significant role of customer feedback in shaping her design choices, revealing a dynamic interaction between consumer demands and fashion innovation. "Listening to our customers is crucial. Their feedback guides our design process and helps us create clothing that truly meets their needs," she emphasized.

This dedication to inclusivity has not only set her apart in the industry but also resonated deeply with a diverse customer base, fostering a sense of belonging and acceptance among her clientele. "Seeing how our inclusive designs make people feel seen and valued is incredibly rewarding," Jane remarked. Her commitment to inclusivity and body positivity continues to drive her work and influence her approach to fashion design.

4.1.2 Alex (Social Media Influencer)

Alex provided a compelling account of his advocacy for body positivity on social media. He discussed the challenges of dealing with negative comments and the importance of creating a supportive online community. "Facing criticism and negativity online can be tough, but it's important to stay focused on spreading positivity," Alex stated. He explained that his content often features personal stories and body-positive messages, which resonate with a wide audience. "Sharing my own experiences helps others feel less alone in their struggles," Alex noted, highlighting the impact of personal storytelling.

He also emphasized the role of collaborations with inclusive brands in amplifying the message of body positivity. "Working with brands that share my values allows us to reach even more people with the message that all bodies are beautiful," he said. Alex described how his platform serves as a space for challenging traditional beauty standards and promoting acceptance of diverse body types. "Social media has the power to change how we see beauty, and I'm committed to using my platform for good," Alex emphasized.

The influencer's efforts to foster a positive and inclusive environment online underscore the transformative potential of social media in shaping beauty norms. "Creating a community where everyone feels welcome and accepted is my main goal," Alex explained. His authenticity and transparency in sharing his personal journey have made him a relatable and influential figure in the body positivity movement. "Being open about my own journey with body image issues has helped many of my followers embrace self-love and reject societal pressures," Alex remarked. His work continues to inspire many to challenge conventional beauty standards and promote a more inclusive vision of beauty.

4.1.3 Sam (Body Positivity Activist)

Sam's insights provided a grassroots perspective on the body positivity movement. He described organizing workshops and community events that promote self-love and acceptance, highlighting the importance of creating safe spaces for individuals to share their experiences. "Creating environments where people feel safe to express themselves and share their stories is crucial," Sam explained. He discussed the impact of social media in mobilizing and connecting individuals with shared goals of promoting inclusivity. "Social media has been a game-changer in bringing together like-minded people from all over the world," he said, emphasizing the platform's role in fostering community and support.

Sam's narrative illustrated the intersection of online activism and real-world community building, emphasizing the movement's emphasis on inclusivity and empowerment. "We aim to bridge the gap between online advocacy and offline action," Sam noted. He highlighted how grassroots activism is essential in driving societal change and fostering a more inclusive definition of beauty. "It's about more than just posting on social media; it's about taking real actions that make a difference in people's lives," he asserted.

His work in organizing and leading these events has not only empowered individuals but also built a supportive network that advocates for long-term change in societal perceptions of beauty. "Seeing people come together, support each other, and challenge harmful beauty standards is incredibly rewarding," Sam remarked. His dedication to creating inclusive spaces and promoting body positivity has had a profound impact on both individual participants and the broader community. "Our workshops and events are about empowerment and changing how society views beauty," he concluded, underscoring the transformative potential of grassroots activism.

4.2 Content Analysis Findings

Content analysis of social media posts, fashion articles, advertisements, and marketing campaigns revealed several significant themes:

Increased Representation: A noticeable rise in the representation of diverse body types across fashion and social media content, challenging traditional beauty standards. This shift towards inclusivity is evident in the diverse range of models used in these campaigns.
Positive Audience Response: High engagement and positive feedback for content promoting body positivity,indicating a growing audience receptiveness to inclusive messages.
Importance of Authenticity: Consumers react more favorably to brands perceived as genuinely embracing inclusivity in their campaigns. This suggests that authenticity in promoting body positivity is crucial for brands aiming to connect with their audience meaningfully.

These findings suggest a shift in the fashion marketing landscape, where inclusivity and representation are becoming key factors influencing consumer engagement and brand loyalty.

4.3 Participant Observation Findings

Observations from fashion shows, workshops, and community events provided practical insights into the application of body positivity principles. Inclusive fashion shows featured models of various sizes, ethnicities, and gender identities, demonstrating a commitment to diversity. These shows not only highlighted the aesthetic appeal of diverse body types but also sent a powerful message of acceptance and inclusivity. Workshops dedicated to body positivity offered platforms for individuals to share their experiences and fostered a sense of community. These workshops emphasized the importance of self-acceptance and provided support to those navigating societal pressures related to body image. Community events celebrated diverse forms of beauty, reinforcing the core principles of the body positivity movement. These observations highlighted the tangible efforts within the fashion industry and communities to promote a more inclusive and accepting vision of beauty. The firsthand experience of these events underscored the effectiveness of practical, community-based approaches in advocating for and achieving greater inclusivity in fashion and beauty standards.

Discussion

The findings of this study contribute to a growing body of research exploring the role of fashion and social media in promoting body positivity and inclusivity. Here, we will discuss the key findings in the context of existing literature and address the research questions:

Q1: How do fashion designers utilize fashion to promote body positivity and inclusivity?

The interview with Jane, the fashion designer, aligns with research suggesting a growing awareness within the industry of the need for inclusive design practices (Fernandez & Reckinger, 2018). Her emphasis on customer feedback and collaboration with diverse models reflects a shift towards design approaches that cater to a wider range of body types and challenge traditional beauty standards (Diedrichs et al., 2016).

Q2: How do social media influencers leverage their platforms to promote body positivity and inclusivity?

Alex, the social media influencer, exemplifies the power of personal storytelling and community building in promoting body positivity online (Brewis et al., 2019). His experiences highlight the challenges of online negativity but also the potential of social media to foster a more inclusive vision of beauty (Davis & Dunn, 2018).

Q3: How do body positivity activists utilize online and offline spaces to promote body positivity and inclusivity?

Sam, the body positivity activist, underlines the importance of creating safe spaces for individuals to share experiences and advocate for change (Tiggemann & Zaccardo, 2016). His work bridges the gap between online advocacy and offline action, highlighting the need for a multifaceted approach to promoting body positivity (Diedrichs et al., 2016).

Overall Significance

The combined findings from this research suggest a positive shift towards increased representation and inclusivity within the fashion industry and social media landscape. While challenges remain, the growing awareness of body positivity and the effectiveness of online and offline efforts to promote it provide a promising outlook for a more inclusive future in fashion and beauty standards.

Limitations and Future Research

This study is limited by its focus on a specific geographic location and a relatively small sample size for interviews. Future research could explore the impact of body positivity movements on a global scale and incorporate a wider range of voices from diverse stakeholders within the fashion industry and consumer base. Additionally, research could delve deeper into the long-term effects of body positivity initiatives and the potential challenges associated with maintaining momentum and achieving lasting change in societal perceptions

Chapter 5 : Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1 Conclusion

The fashion industry and social media have played pivotal roles in shaping and promoting body positivity and inclusivity in the beauty industry. This study has highlighted how historical trends and cultural norms have traditionally reinforced narrow standards of beauty, but recent movements towards inclusivity and body positivity have begun to challenge and redefine these standards. The insights provided by the key informants—a fashion designer, a social media influencer, and a body positivity activist—have illustrated the multi-faceted approach required to foster genuine change. Additionally, the content analysis and participant observations have reinforced the importance of authenticity, representation, and community support in advancing body positivity.

5.1.2 Key Findings

Evolving Landscape of Fashion and Social Media: A shift is evident towards a more inclusive landscape within fashion and social media, with a growing emphasis on diverse representation and authentic messaging.
Insights from Key Informants: The perspectives of a fashion designer, a social media influencer, and a body positivity activist underscore the importance of diverse representation, community building, and genuine messaging in promoting body positivity.
Content Analysis and Participant Observations: These methods revealed an increase in the representation of diverse body types in marketing campaigns, along with positive audience response for inclusive content.

5.1.3 Reflection

The findings of this research suggest a growing awareness of the need for inclusivity within the fashion and beauty industries. Social media provides a powerful platform for promoting body positivity through content creation,community building, and advocacy efforts. However, continued efforts are required to dismantle long-held beauty standards and create a truly inclusive environment for all.

This study has provided valuable insights into the complex and evolving landscape of body positivity and inclusivity within fashion and social media. The findings highlight the importance of collaboration among various stakeholders,including fashion brands, social media influencers, activists, and the general public, to drive meaningful change towards a more inclusive and accepting society.

5.1.4 Answering the Main Research Question

This research sought to understand how fashion and social media contribute to the growing movement of body positivity and inclusivity. The findings demonstrate that both fashion and social media play significant roles in promoting body positivity and inclusivity by:

Increasing Representation: Featuring diverse body types in marketing campaigns, challenging traditional beauty standards.
Fostering Community: Providing platforms for individuals to share experiences and support each other in embracing body positivity.
Promoting Authenticity: Encouraging genuine and relatable messaging that resonates with audiences.
Challenging Norms: Using social media to critique harmful beauty standards and advocate for systemic change.

5.2 Recommendations

To further the progress made in promoting body positivity and inclusivity, several recommendations are proposed for various stakeholders, including fashion industry professionals, social media influencers, activists, and the general public.

5.2.1 Recommendations for Fashion Industry Professionals

Fashion industry professionals are at the forefront of setting trends and standards within the beauty industry. Therefore, their commitment to inclusivity and body positivity can drive significant change.

Inclusive Design Practices: Fashion designers and brands should continue to expand their size ranges and develop clothing lines that cater to diverse body types. This includes considering different body shapes, heights, and proportions to ensure that all consumers feel represented and valued. For instance, designers could employ technology and data analytics to better understand the variations in body types and create garments that are adaptable and comfortable for all.
Diverse Representation in Marketing: Marketing campaigns should feature models of various sizes, ethnicities, ages, and gender identities. This not only challenges traditional beauty standards but also resonates with a broader audience, fostering a sense of inclusion and acceptance. Brands like Fenty Beauty and Savage X Fenty by Rihanna have set a benchmark by consistently showcasing diverse models, thereby gaining a loyal and diverse consumer base.
Authentic Engagement: Brands should collaborate with body-positive activists and influencers who genuinely support inclusivity. Authentic partnerships and campaigns are more likely to build trust and loyalty among consumers. These collaborations should go beyond superficial endorsements and involve influencers in the creative process, ensuring that the messaging is genuine and impactful.
Consumer Feedback: Continuously seek and incorporate feedback from consumers regarding inclusivity and representation. This helps brands stay attuned to the evolving needs and preferences of their audience. Mechanisms such as customer surveys, focus groups, and social media engagement can provide valuable insights. Brands should also be transparent about their progress and areas for improvement, fostering an open dialogue with their customers.
Employee Training and Sensitivity Programs: Fashion companies should implement training programs that educate employees about the importance of body positivity and inclusivity. These programs can help create a more empathetic and aware workforce that is better equipped to cater to a diverse clientele.
Sustainable and Ethical Practices: In addition to inclusivity, fashion brands should commit to sustainable and ethical practices. This includes ensuring fair labor practices and using eco-friendly materials. A holistic approach to ethics in fashion not only supports body positivity but also aligns with broader social justice goals.
Transparency in Sizing and Fit: Brands should provide clear and accurate sizing information, including detailed fit guides and models of different sizes wearing the same garments. This transparency helps consumers make informed choices and reduces the stigma associated with certain sizes.

5.2.2 Recommendations for Social Media Influencers

Social media influencers wield significant power in shaping public perceptions and promoting social movements. Their platforms can be instrumental in advancing body positivity and inclusivity.

Promote Diverse Content: Influencers should actively create and share content that showcases a variety of body types, skin tones, and gender expressions. This helps normalize diversity and encourages followers to embrace their unique beauty.
Engage in Honest Dialogue: Sharing personal stories and struggles related to body image can foster a sense of community and support among followers. Honest and transparent discussions about body positivity can inspire others to embrace self-love and acceptance.
Collaborate with Inclusive Brands: Influencers should partner with brands that align with their values of inclusivity and body positivity. Promoting products and campaigns that genuinely support these principles can amplify their impact and reach.
Challenge Negative Norms: Use social media platforms to challenge and critique harmful beauty standards and practices. Influencers can leverage their reach to advocate for systemic changes within the beauty and fashion industries.

5.2.3 Recommendations for Activists and Advocates

Activists and advocates play a crucial role in driving societal change and challenging existing norms. Their efforts can significantly contribute to the advancement of body positivity and inclusivity.

Community Building: Organize events, workshops, and support groups that focus on body positivity and self-acceptance. These spaces provide individuals with the opportunity to share experiences and build supportive networks.
Education and Awareness: Develop educational programs and resources that highlight the importance of inclusivity and challenge traditional beauty standards. Educating the public about the historical and cultural context of beauty norms can foster a deeper understanding and commitment to change.
Policy Advocacy: Advocate for policies and practices within the fashion and media industries that promote diversity and inclusivity. This includes lobbying for more inclusive advertising standards and regulations that prevent discrimination based on body size, ethnicity, or gender.
Partnerships with Brands and Influencers: Collaborate with fashion brands and social media influencers to amplify the message of body positivity. Joint initiatives can create a broader impact and drive more significant changes within the industry.

5.2.4 Recommendations for the General Public

The general public also plays a critical role in supporting and promoting body positivity and inclusivity. Individual actions and attitudes can collectively drive societal change.

Support Inclusive Brands: Consumers can support brands that demonstrate a genuine commitment to inclusivity and body positivity by purchasing their products and engaging with their campaigns.
Promote Positive Dialogue: Engage in conversations about body positivity and inclusivity, both online and offline. Promoting positive dialogue helps to challenge negative stereotypes and encourage acceptance.
Self-Acceptance and Empowerment: Embrace and celebrate personal uniqueness and diversity. Practicing self-love and acceptance can inspire others to do the same, creating a ripple effect of positivity.
Critical Consumption of Media: Be critical of media representations and challenge harmful beauty standards. Supporting media that promotes diverse and inclusive representations can influence broader industry practices.

References

- Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
- Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), 697–712.
- Bartky, S. L. (1990). Femininity and domination: Studies in the phenomenology of oppression. Routledge.
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publications.
- Krippendorff, K. (2013). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. Sage Publications.
- Kvale, S. (2007). Doing Interviews. Sage Publications.
- Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
- Buss, D. M. (2008). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind. Allyn and Bacon.
- Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299.
- Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38–45.
- Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173–206.
- Holland, G., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body Image, 17, 100–110.
- Barnard, M. (2014). Fashion as Communication. Routledge.
- Brennan, C. (2012). The Fabric of Society: Fashion, Identity, and Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Brewis, J., Godfrey, R., Lawless, M., & Smolović Jones, O. (2019). The Beauty, the Beast and the Politics of Beauty. Gender, Work & Organization, 26(8), 1096-1112.
- Davis, D., & Dunn, J. (2018). Social Media and the Authentic Self: Identity, Style, and Authenticity in Postmodern Times. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Diedrichs, P. C., Lee, C., & Kelly, M. (2016). Seeing the Beauty in Everyday People: A Qualitative Study of Young Australians’ Opinions on Body Image, the Mass Media and Models. Body Image, 16, 113-120.
- Entwistle, J. (2015). The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory. Polity.
- Fernandez, C., & Reckinger, R. (2018). Digital Activism: Body Positivity on Social Media. The International Journal of Communication, 12, 230-249.
- Gimlin, D. (2002). Body Work: Beauty and Self-Image in American Culture. University of California Press.
- Roach-Higgins, M. E., & Eicher, J. B. (1992). Dress and Identity. Fairchild Publications.
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.
- Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 33-47). Brooks/Cole.
- Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2014). NetGirls: The Internet, Facebook, and body image concern in adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(6), 630–643.
- Tiggemann, M., & Zaccardo, M. (2016). "Exercise to Be Fit, Not Skinny": The Effect of Fitspiration Imagery on Women's Body Image. Body Image, 19, 61-67.
- Tseëlon, E. (2014). The Masque of Femininity: The Presentation of Woman in Everyday Life. Sage Publications.
- Wolf, N. (1991). The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women. William Morrow and Company.
- Myers, D. G., & Rosen, J. B. (1999). The power of ideology: The role of social identity in the pursuit of goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(2), 216–230.

LWL | Assessing The Role of Fashion and Social Media in Promoting Body Positivity and Inclusivity in the Beauty Industry