Abstract
This paper explores the historical methods of treatment related to eye disease and includes the analysis of the causes of preventive measures for cataracts, which is the leading cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide, particularly in aging populations. Furthermore, this paper explains the formation of cataracts, incorporating insights from previous research and novel technological solutions for their removal. It addresses the causes of eye related diseases and their relationship to cataracts, emphasizing the preventative methods. Finally, highlights the areas needing further research to treat these conditions by comparing data on eye health from previous research.
How Cataract Form
Eye Injuries
According to the researchers, up to 65% of eye traumas lead to cataract formation, resulting in short and klong term Vision loss. Causes related Eye treatment and injuries increase the chances of cataract. Incidents leading to discomfort and pain, reddish eye, Anterior chamber cell reaction, cereal infection, an blurry vision which is Known as the traumatic cataract. The four known traumatic Cataracts are Blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, chemical trauma, and radiation trauma. According to research conducted by Godwin S. Okay and Bharat Gurbani , the disruption of the lens fiber by either penetration or blunt trauma, occurs when there is disrupter or disoriented of the capsule or coup. This happens due to the equatorial expansion by the various forces transferring to the eye. Dentition and coagulation of the lens proteins can lead to cataract formation through loss of transparency due to degeneration process. Furthermore, Chemical Trauma refers to the penetration of chemical substance that enters the eye, resulting in a change in the overall composition of the lens fiber. Lastly the radiation trauma, common among children can damage and rupture the lens and eye vision by ionizing radiation like the sun causing cataract.
Medication Leading to Cataract
Furthermore, research lead by National Library of Medicine shows certain medication increases the chances of cataract. According to the research, Statins, which is used for bad LDL Cholesterol, increase the risk of Cataract. Research reported by the American Journal of Ophthalmology found that taking statins to lower their cholesterol are more often that other bothered by dry eye decease and problems reported by the Tenafly Eye. According to the analysis. Accordingly dry eyes are a contributor to cataract. It is explained that the Dry eyes disease affects 7% to 33% of general population. This process of taking medication to lower cholesterol, intern, could lead to Cataract disease.
Sunlight Effects
Cataract is cause for exposure to electromagnetic radiation. According to the research by the Oxford Eye Hospital, the damaging effects on the lens are caused by ionizing, microwave, and infrared radiation from the sun. Accordingly, most of the radiation is filtered by the cornea (transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and interior chamber) and only wavelength of 295nm or greater passes through. In context the sun rays are at 500nm, and the absorption of 295nm to 400nm of the Lense, causes high probability of Cataract. According to Eye Hospital of Oxford, some epidemiological data already support this hypothesis of ultraviolent radiation from the sun. The research shows, the increased yellowing of the lens nucleus with the aging and the exposure to ultraviolet radiation, forming chromophores from proteins containing tryptophan, increasing the potential of the nucleus to absorb more radiation.
Smoking Causes Eye Disease
Other causes related to smoking also induce the risk of Eye disease related to Cataract. According to the Dr. Basu Eye Care Centre, claims that smoking is known to damage parts of the eye to maintain clear eyesight. Stated by the FDA (Federal DRUG Administration) smoking causes Cataract and disease known as AMD which is the destruction of the eye’s macula and Glaucoma, which damages the eyes optic nerves.
Lastly, the Genetics are common reason for Cataract according to previous examinations. Accordingly, Genetic Mutation, Hereditary Cataract, and Congenital cataract are main genetic Causes. Firstly, according to the research done by the NHS, cataract present from birth (congenital Cataracts) are sometimes caused by faulty genes passed to children. This occurs because of the gene not developed properly. Accordingly, it is claimed that around 1 in every 5 cases of the condition. Second, Heredity Cataract
History of Treatment, Prevention, and formation of Cataract
According to the historical reference there has not been any conclusive method to prevent Cataract, but society during the 5th century BC, known as couching, where sharp needle is used to pierce the eye near the limbus, until Cataract can be manually dislodged. According to Brian Lett, Ayurvedic medicine in ancient India prescribed herbal medicine such as Tripala, to address cataract. Furthermore, countries such as Ancient China and Greek used herbal treatment. They utilized Saffron and honey as eye drops to mitigate Cataract symptoms. Romans utilized plant based remedies like Euphrasia plant juice that was also used to mitigate cataract.
Modern Cataract Surgery
One type of Surgery is Basic Cataract surgery, after diagnostics, using ultrasonic probe to break up the lens for removal called phacoemulsification. The surgeon makes incision in front of the eye called the cornea. Then a needle thin probe is then inserted into the lens where the cataract is formed. The surgeon then uses the probe to transmit ultrasound waves to break the cataract and suction the fragments and debris. Another method known as the extracapsular cataract extraction, which is used less frequently. It requires larger incision and uses a tool to remove the front capsule of the lens and cloudy lens. Later, the very back capsule of the lens is left and serves as a place for the artificial lens.
Similarly, Laser Cataract removal works with the use of camera/ultrasound devices to capture the information from the eye surface. A device sends information to computer program to instruct the laser, to make a corneal incision to open the capsule. Using the ultrasound to break the pieces and suction them out.
These processes are similar, but Laser Eye Cataract is better because the process is quicker and accurate, and it also is great option for patients with astigmatism. Furthermore, traditional methods might require stiches. In conclusion, laser and traditional Cataract surgery have similar recovery, laser treatment is quicker and less intense due to its precision and its low margin of error.
Counter Claim
Although many claims of preventative methods for cataract do not exist or the methods are not proven. However, according to research and experience of people who took preventative method shows that certain preventions and medication.
Preventative Methods
According to main causes to cataract, preventative methods such as avoiding smoking, and avoiding certain medication can prevent Cataract according to previous research; however, taking regular eye exams, wearing sunglasses, and managing health problems could prevent Cataract. Furthermore, according to research done by the ____ increased exposure of the lens to oxygen is a major cause of aga-related nuclear Cataract. Specifically, loss of the gel state of the vitreous gel (a jelly like substance that fills the back of the eye) protects the lens from oxygen and from nuclear cataract. Loss of the gel state of the vitreous is likely to expose the Lense to oxygen, increasing the risk of cataract. This occurs due to oxidation stress on delicate parts of the tissue, leading to eye disease. People can avoid this by regular eye exams, sunglasses and adjust screen brightness to reduce the deuteriation of Vitreous gel.
Study lead by American Journal of Ophthalmology, known as blue mountains, eye study, explores the relationship in vitamin supplements to show positive results in cataract. The use of multivitamin supplements was associated with reducing the nuclear cataract, “odds ratio 0.6”. In addition, thiamin supplements were associated with reduced spread “in nuclear (odds ratio 0.6, confidence interval 0.4 to 1.0, P = .03, dose trend P = .03) and cortical cataract (odds ratio 0.7, confidence interval 0.5 to 0.9, P = .01, dose trend P = .02).” Their research further shows “ Vitamin A supplements were protective against nuclear cataract (odds ratio 0.4, confidence interval 0.2 to 0.8, P = .01, dose trend P = .01)”, and “vitamin B12 supplements (odds ratio 0.7, confidence interval 0.5 to 1.0, P = .03, dose trend P = .02) were strongly protective against cortical cataract.”. According to the blue mountains eye study, long-term consumption multivitamin could prevent the nuclear and cortical cataract.
Conclusion
According to this research people can understand the concept of Cataract and understand the ways to prevent cataract and improve the understanding the preventions and causes of cataract. Also Going over the history and current treatment clarifies the ways doctors improved their technique.
References
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